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have no conception of any French use previous to Lewis ( 173 G ) , nor of the Louve & c , though they recognize Louveteau , Lewis , Loufton , as all equivalents . They seen to think that Lufton is English as well as French . The earliest French use is Lufton , after and about 173 6 . Tin later use in this century is Louveteau ; though earlier , as Chappron and Bazot show , it was still Lufton or Louvcton . The English use is purely Masonic so far , and dates frorr 1736 , in respect to George 111 ., eldest son of

Frederick-Prince of Wales . I am not quite certain , but 1 am inclined to think , that Brown in his "Master Key , " about 1794 , iirsl developed the full Masonic mystical teaching of Lewis , which represents the eldest son of a Freemason , from the well known aichitectural term . That Lewis and Louve art connected is very likely , and it will be interesting to ascertain , if we can , the earliest English recognised architectural use of the term . A further search into some old dictionaries as to the term " Lewis" does not bring out much . Perhaps that indefatigable student , Bro . W . H . Rylands , may strike

oil . MASONIC STUDENT . S 9 ] 1 am sure all readers of this column will share my satis , faction at learning- on the best authority ( vide No . S 2 ) that our brother , " Masonic Student , " is not really " nonexistent . " I have puzzled myself to account for the expression ; it is probably due to the printer . Are we tc attribute to the same delinquent the assertion in No . S 4 ,

there is no apparent connection so far between " Louve and "Loup ? " No one can know better than "M . S . " that " Louve " is the female , or bitch , of " Loup , " a wolf . I venture to suppose that our brother meant to say between "Louve" and "Lewis . " If so , I incline to differ from him ; but , before further dilating on this subject , will await the promised note by Bro . Rylands . Meanwhile , I agree with him that " Louve" was a technical Mason's word ; so

undoubtedly is " Lewis ; " and equally certainly have both acquired a speculative and parallel signification . So far all is plain sailing ; the point in question is , whence did the French operatives , derive this term ? What made them call this instrument a " Louve ? " In the next place comes the cansideration , whence do we derive our " Lewis ? " From

the French " Louve " or not ? The occurrence of " Lowes " in 1371 does not disprove the possibility of such derivation ; but , looking at the spelling , rather confirms it ; unless , indeed , it can be demonstrated that " Louve , " as used in France , is of more recent origin than the fourteenth century . G . WM . SPETH .

90 J THE FIVE MYSTICAL GREEK LETTERS . The following curious extract is from the " Works of Armorie , " by John Bossewell , gent . London , 1597 , fol . 12 and 13 : — Of the hue Greeks letters Mysticall . The first of the said Greeke letters is Y , Yfasilon , which betokencth man ' s life , and is called Pythagoras Sameus letter . For he first fourmed the same ad exemplum -oitce

humancec" And the said letter hath three pointes , two aboue , and one beneath , signifying sundrie ages . That which isvnder , sheweth the first age , which is vncertaine , whether it will giue and apply itselfe to vertue or vice , and the two aboue , begin from the youth : the right part whereof is hardc , but yet tending to a blessed life . And thc left more easie , but leading to destruction . Of the which letter Perseus thus sayeth :

Et tibi quce Sameos deduxit htera raiuos , Surgentem dextro monstrauit limite callem . The which verses I have thus metrized in English : ' The branches of the letter first in Samoa found , Of man ' s life doth show the highway and ground . The second letter in called Theta , which signitieth death . For Judges in olde time did note , or set the same letter on their names or , as we nowe call it , heades , who were

condemned to die . Likewise did Captaines in their Briefcs , wherein were contained the names of their souldiers . By which note or marke , they , and the Heraultes when they didlooke on their said Briefcs , could certainely knowe , and make true report vnto their Soueraigne , how many were slaine in the battaile . And therefore it is called Theta , a . morte ; that is to say , of death , For it hath in the middest thereof a darte ( as is before figured ) in token of

death . And it is thus written of the same letter : O niultum ante alias iufv / ix litera Theta , O much before others , I say . Thou vnhappy letter , Theta . Perseus of . the same thus saith : Etpotis est nigrum vi'io pricfigere Theta . To write eftsoones power did not lacke , For his offence , Theta , all in blackc .

The third letter is Tau , a figure of the Crosse of Christ ; and in Hebrewe it is in terpreted , a signe , or marke of the which it was spoken to the Angell which Esechiel sawe in spirit , t Goe thy way through the Citie of Jerusalem , and set a marke vpon thc foreheades of them that mourne ^ Si are sorie for all the abhominations that be done therein . " By which marke , or token , they were preserued , and not touched in the middest of them which were slaine and

destroied for their ldolatnc , in the wrathfull displeasure of the Lorde , and this letter also apltd ¦ vetercs , was vsed of the Heraultes and Captaines , and signed on their names , who remained aliue after thc battaile . So that the letter Theta , was vsed as the marke of death , or of the that were iudged to die , and T , of life , or of them that were by the Judges quit from death . This letter T , as weli the Greekes , as the Latins , vnto our time , haue pictured ,

and set foorth , as the true marke , or signe of ihe Crosse of Christ . Hoc igitur ¦ verum , ac proprium sub Christ ! ecclcsia conscriptorum ac militantium , Symbolum , signumque est . * . Thc other two of the Mysticall letters , being the first and last of the Greeke Alphabet , onely Christ doth challenge to himselfe : for he is the beginning , and the ending , where he saith , " Ego sum Alpha , Si Omega , Principia . nl , & finis , qui est & qui erat , & qui

¦ ccnturus est omnipotens . " No letter goeth before Alpha , for it is the first of all letters , And so is the sonne of God : ipse enini sc principiu Judicis inlerrogantibus esse respondct . And therefore . S " . John in his Apocalips most properly putteth the same letters , the Sonne of God to be Mpha and Omega , the first and the last . Primus , quia ante eum nihil est , Noiiissimus , quia nouissimum indicium , ipse suscipiet . W . II . RYLANDS .

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91 J THE CALENDAR FOR . 1 SS 2 . 1 have been gratified to see the calendar in the Freemason for each month during the year 1 SS 2 . Would it not be well for all interested in such a useful compilation to send suggested additions ; or , better still , I hope to see another and different issue , on similar lines , for 1 SS 3 . VV . J . HUGHAN .

Provincial Grand Lodge Of Nottinghamshire.

PROVINCIAL GRAND LODGE OF NOTTINGHAMSHIRE .

The annual meeting of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Nottinghamshire took place on Thursday , the 30 th uit ., at the Masonic Hall , Goldsmith-street , Nottingham , under the presidency of the Right Worshipful the Provincial Grand Master , W . Bro . his Grace the Duke of St . Albans .

Freemasonry has increased in this province by four lodges since the appointment of the Provincial Grand Master . The following- Provincial Grand Lodge Officers ( Present and Past ) were in attendance : W . Bros . J . Watson , D . P . G . M . ; F . V . Bussen , P . S . G . W . ; M . Vowles , P . P . S . G . W . ; J . Comyn . P . P . S . G . W . ; R . Fitz Hugh , P . P . J . G . W . ; A . J . L . Dobbin , P . G . C ; Sir H . Bromley , Bart .

, P . G . R . ; J . Hack , P . G . Treas . ; H . R . Hatherly , Pres . Board of General Purposes ; C . G . Wragg , P . G . Sec . ; E . M . Kidd , P . P . S . G . D . ; C . B . Truman , P . P . S . G . D . ; I . Davis , P . S . G . D . ; E . Baxter , P . P . J . G . W . ; E . G . Martin , P . J . G . D . ; f . E . Truman , P . G . Supt . of Works

R . C . Sutton , P . P . G . Supt . of Works ; VV . Phelps , P . P . G . Supt . of Works ; H . J . Norris , P . G . Dir . of Cer . ; A . Page , P . P . G . A . Dir . of Cer . ; B . Stiebel , P . G . A . Dir . of Cer . ; R . G . Hanson , P . P . G . A . Dir . of Cer . ; W . 1 " . Bromley , P . P . G . A . Dir . of Cer . ; S . G . Gilbert , P . G . S . B . ; A . Fletcher , P . P . G . S . B . ; VV . Curtis , P . P . G . S . B . ; W .

Wright , P . G . O . ; E . D . Pidd , P . G . P . ; J . Hall , P . P . G . P . ; A . J . Butter , P . P . G . A . P . ; R . T . Ingram , P . G . S . B . ; W . B . late , P . G . Steward ; S . J ackson , P . G . Steward j W . Hickling , P . G . Steward ; W . H . Rice , P . G . Steward ; J . Arehbold , P . G . Steward ; C . Johnson , P . G . Steward ; and H . Glover , P . G . Tyler . There was also a larg-e attendance of Past Masters and

Wardens . The brethren being ranged under their respective banners , thc Right Worshipful Provincial Grand Master and Ofiicers entered the lodge in procession , the R . W . P . G . M . being saluted by the brethren . After Provincial Grand Lodge had been formally opened , thc rolls were called by the Provincial Grand Secretary .

Bro . C . G . WRAGG , and the minutes of the previous lodge , held at Worksop in August , were read and confirmed . The reports of the Committee of General Purposes and Fund of Benevolence were read . The Prov . Grand Treasurer's accounts were received and passed , showing a balance in hand on Grand Lodge account of £ 72 17 s . iod ., and Fund of Benevolence of

£ 77 19 s . Gd . Bro . John Hack was re-elected Treasnrcr . The Right Wor . Prov . GRAND MASTER then proceeded to invest his officers for the ensuing year as follows : Bro . Sir Henry Bromley , Bart ., P . M . ^ p . „ r S W „ C . B . Truman , P . M . 411 " ' . ' . ' . Prov . G . J . W . „ Rev . A . J . L . Dobbin , 402 ... Prov . G . Chap . „ J . Hack , P . M . 1434 * Prov . G . Treas .

„ E . M . Kidd , P . M . 411 Prov . G . Reg . „ H . R . Hatherley , P . M . 1434 * ... Prov . G . P . B . G . P . „ C . G . Wragg , P . M . 411 * ... Prov . G . Sec . „ Dr . Tate , P . M . 402 Prov . 'G . S . D . „ L . Jackson , P . M . 47 Prov . G . | . D . „ C . Johnson , P . M . 16 G 1 Prov . G . S . of VV .

„ H . J . Norris , P . M . 1794 * ... Prov . G . D . of C . „ W . H . Rice , P . M . 1435 ... Prov . G . A . D . C . „ 1 . Arehbold , P . M . 1 493 Prov . G . S . B . „ W . Wright * Prov . G . Org - . „ A . Lawson , P . M . 1852 Prov . G . P . „ VV . Allen , P . M . 939 Prov . G . A . P . lis

„ J . Top , P . M . 47 Prov . G . S . B . Bros . R . F . H . King , P . M . 939 ; K . > . Griffiths 1405 ; J . VV . Gardner , W . M . 1704 ; C . Butler , | 0 ,, ... , W . M . . S 02 ; J . Marx , P . M ! r ^ w . G . Mivds . 1909 ; and J . M . Perry , P . M . ' 434 J

Bro . H . Glover , P . M . * ... Prov . G . Tyler . I hose marked * are rc-appointed . The R . W . Prov . GRAND MASTER , announced that he intended to hold the half-yearly meeting of Provincial Grand Lodge at Mansfield . Provincial Grand Lodge was then closed in due form .

A Masonic Wedding.

A MASONIC WEDDING .

Wc are pleased to publish the following extract from the Philadelphia Times of a few days ago . Miss Muckle is the only daughter of our esteemed brother , M . Richards Muckle , of Philadelphia , whose acquaintance many ol us had the pleasure of making when Bro . George Kenning entertained the American brethren at the International

Banquet . "The wedding yesterday of Miss AddieChilds Muckle , only daughter of Colonel M . Richards Muckle , business manager or the Public Ledger , to Servestus P . Stambach was attended by a large and distinguished company . There were four bridesmaids , who were all beautifully dressed and carried bouejuets . They were Miss Julia Blackfan , of Trenton ; Miss Ida Goodall , of New York , and Miss Annie

Tenbroolc and Miss rernberg , of Philadelphia . John Tryford , of England , was the " best man . " It was a pleasant home wedding , with the whole of the house , No . 1722 , Pine street , thrown open to guests , and everything made as sociable and hospitable as possible . There were flowers in every room , and in the drawing room , where the ceremony took place , there were a great many handsome ones , and numerouslargefoliagcplantsin pots . The couple were married

by the Kev . Dr . Watson , rector of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Atonement . The bride wore a magnificent white bridal dress , with ornaments , and nearly all the guests were in full evening dress , with diamonds , although the wedding took place at mid-day . There were many handsome presents , including a very valuable one from Georg-e VV . Childs . Among the guests present were A . G . Goodall , of New York , president of the American Bank Note Company , whose daughter was one of the bridesmaids : Mayor King , George VV . Childs , John D . Lankenau , Gustavus Remak , Mrs . Remak and Miss RemaU , John Lucas , Mrs .

A Masonic Wedding.

and Miss Lucas , Judge Hanna and Miss Hanna , A . P . Colesberry and Mrs . Colesbeiry , the Rev . Dr . Henry J . Morton , William L . Schaeffer , cashier of theGirard National Bank ; Clayton McMichael , Edward T . Steel , president of the Board of Education ; Thompson Westcott , Mrs . and Miss Westcott , loshua U . Jones and Mrs . tones . I . B .

Lippincott , Dr . and Mrs . Evans , the Rev . Dr . and Mrs . Milnor , Miss Fannie Earle , Charles H . Meyer , German Consul , and Mrs . Meyer ; Mr . and Mrs . Kirtley and Charles P . Hayes . An orchestra played as the bridal party entered , and after some selected music and an elaborate set-out of refreshments there was dancing . Last evening- Mr . and Mrs . Stambach left for a Southern trip . "

South Africa.

South Africa .

MARK MASONR \ DURBAN . —Port Natal Lodge ( No . 2 S 8 ) . —Thc first anniversary meeting of this lodge for thc appointment and investment of officers was held in the Masonic Hall , Smith-street , on the 25 th October . The chair was occupieel by the retiring W . M ., Bro . R . 1 . Finnemore , F . R . G . S ., J . P ., resident magistrate of Durban . The ballot was taken for Bro . the Venerable Archdeacon Garde , B . A ., T . C . D ., as a candidate for advancement , and for Bro . G . E .

Attwood , both of whom were unanimously elected . Bros . Attwood and Crowe , head master of the Government school another approved candidate , being in attendance , were admitted in due form and regularly advanced to the honourable Degree of M . M . AI . Bro . T . Cook , the W . M . elect , was then presented and installed , and appointed his officers as follows : Bros . R . I . Finnemore , l . P . M . ; A . J . Keeler , S . W . ; M . H . Emanuel , J . W . ; Dr . Schulz , M . O . ; G . Ireland , S . O . ; M . W . Frye ,

J . O . ; G . Leask , Sec . and Reg . of Mks . ; VV . Hawes , Treas . ; J . W . Stranack , S . I ) . ; T . W . Bower , J . D . ; A . Beckett , I . G . ; F . Pay , Tyler . Three other candidates for advancement were proposed , and their names entered for ballot at a future meeting . The lodge passed a hearty vote of thanks to Bro . Finnemore , at whose instance the lodge was originally started . Other routine business was transacted , and the lodge was closed .

Bro . I ' innemore then opened a lodge of Royal Ark Mariners , and conferred this Degree upon three candidates —Bros . Crowe , Attwood , and Emanuel . He then proceeded to insta ! Bro . Cook as \ V . Commander N ., and the following officers were appointed : Bros . Finnemore , LP . Com . N . ; Keeler , J . ; Emanuel , S . : Hawes , Treas . ; Leask ,

Scribe ; Dr . Schulz , S . D . ; Ireland J . D . ; Beckett , Guardian ; and Pay , Warder . After the transaction of other routine business , the lodge was closed , and the brethren adjourned to the banquet-room , where an hour was spent in social conversation , and the brethren parted well pleased with the success of thc lodge during the past ^ year and its future prospects .

Zerubbabel, Freemasonry, The Ark Of The Covenant, And Tara.

ZERUBBABEL , FREEMASONRY , THE ARK OF THE COVENANT , AND TARA .

Masonry holds that the Ark of the Covenant is still in existence , and carefully preserved ; but that wc must look from the east to the west for it . The entrance to the vault where the Ark is will be found at a short distance from the surface . A large circular stone will be found , through which one can descend into a low-arched vault .

In the said vault another opening , similar to above , will be found leading into another , and so on through several—the last vault holding the Ark of the Covenant . It has been proved by the Bible that Jeremiah had the Ark and two princesses ( the daughters of Xinc Zedekiah )

in his charge , with whom he went to Egypt , and afterwards disappeared . Seven years afterwards a prophet ( Jeremiah ) appeared in Ireland , with the two princesses ( from whom the Queen is descended ) the traditions in Armagh alluding to thc same .

Last , not least , the tomb of Jeremiah in Ireland , has been pointed out from tune immemorial . The Coronation Stone , which is in Westminster Abbey , and the Ark of the Covenant , said to be in Tara , as also the two princesses , are supposed to have been brought oyer at the same time by Jeremiah ; and why not , considering he was known to have the charge of them , and

was ordered to rebuild ? Upwards of £ 200 have been collected already lor the purpose of exploring Tara for the Ark and for archaiological remains . £ 700 being the minimum with which the exploration should be commenced , I leave it to my readers , and Masons in particular , to make up the balance , as it will be the latter's duty to undertake the work—Masonry having a

holy Israelitish origin cluelly ordained for the purpose of keeping in view and recovering the Ark in the future . If further sums were required , the nation would , no doubt , not fail to respond , as the exploration went on . 1 now leave it for Zerubbabel to do his duty , viz ., to order three of the Royal Arch Masons to explore and report to him . P . N . S . —British Israel and Judah ' s Prophetic Messenger , Nov . 23 rd , 1 SS 2 .

BRO . JAMES TERRY , SEC . R . M . B . I . Many brethren are doubtless aware that there has been a movement on foot , and an inflential committee appointed to carry out the wish , to have the portrait of Bro . Terry painted and presented to him , in recognition of the universal esteem in which he is held , and the eminent services he has rendered to the Craft . We are pleased to learn that effect has been given to this wish , and that Mr . H . M .

Paget , a rising young artist , whose pictures have been prominent at the Royal Academy and Grosvenor Exhibitions of late , has been commissioned to paint the portrait , and that it is in a forward state towards completion . We understand Bro . Terry appears in full Masonic clothing , as Senior Grand Warden of Norths and Hunts , and that

the portrait is designed to adorn the Board-room of the Institution , at Croydon , by the side of that of Dr . Carpenter . We hope soon to see the portrait finished , and that the committee will arrange to let it be seen in Gieat Queen-street by the brethren and friends before it reaches its destination .